This list of Internet top-level domain extensions contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. The official list of all top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) at the Root Zone Database. IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains. As of February 2017, the root domain contains 1528 top-level domains, while a few have been retired and are no longer functional.
Types
IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:
- infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA)
- generic top-level domains (gTLD)
- restricted generic top-level domains (grTLD)
- sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
- country code top-level domains (ccTLD)
- test top-level domains (tTLD)
Original top-level domains
Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.
- Name: DNS names
- Entity: intended use
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Infrastructure top-level domain
Country code top-level domains
As of May 20, 2017, there were 255 Country code top-level domains. (For comparison, at the same time the United Nations comprised 193 countries.)
Notes
Internationalized country code top-level domains
Source:
Proposed internationalized ccTLDs
ICANN-era generic top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Target market: intended use
- Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
- Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
English
Chinese
French
German
Hindi
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish
Internationalized generic top-level domains
All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.
- Notes: general remarks and intended use
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Arabic Script
Chinese characters
Cyrillic script
Other script
Geographic top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: Target geographic area
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Internationalized geographic top-level domains
Brand top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: company and/or brand
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Internationalized brand top-level domains
Special-Use Domains
ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.
IDN Test TLDs
ICANN created a set of top-level Internationalized domain names in October 2007 for the purpose of testing the use of IDNA in the root zone and within those domains. These testing domains were abolished on 31 October 2013. Each of these TLDs encoded a word meaning "test" in the respective language.
Each of these domains contained only one site with the word "example" encoded in the respective script and language. These example.test sites were test wikis used by ICANN.
See also
- Generic top-level domain
- Country code top-level domain
- Proposed top-level domain
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
- Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.
References
External links
- IANA's list of TLDs
- IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format
- The Internet Domain Survey
- The Public Suffix List / PSL â€" Maintained by Mozilla
- Open Root Server Network's list of active TLDs
